01 /How filtering works in Iran
Iran filters traffic centrally, at the national gateways and inside provider networks. What users run into:
- Blocking by name and address. DNS answers are tampered with, TLS connections are blocked by the site name they announce, and addresses of known VPN servers are blocked.
- Protocol recognition. Common VPN protocols such as OpenVPN and WireGuard are identified and blocked or slowed.
- UDP and QUIC trouble. UDP-based traffic is often degraded, so UDP transports can fail even when web browsing works.
- Shutdowns. During unrest, connections abroad have been cut or heavily limited for days while domestic services kept working.
How strict the filter is changes over time and between mobile and fixed networks. No transport works in every situation, which is why ProofKit gives you several and makes switching between them cheap.